Yes, tanning beds use UV (ultraviolet) light, specifically UVA and UVB rays, to stimulate melanin production in the skin and give it a tan. Here’s what you need to know:
Types of UV light in tanning beds
UVA rays (95–99% of output):
Purpose: They penetrate deep into the skin, triggering a quick but temporary tan by oxidising existing melanin.
Risks: Linked to premature ageing (wrinkles) and an increased risk of long-term skin cancer (melanoma).
UVB rays (1–5% of output):
Purpose: Affect the skin’s surface to promote slower but longer-lasting tanning by stimulating new melanin production.
Risks: Cause sunburn and contribute to DNA damage.
Key risks of tanning bed UV exposure:
Skin cancer: The WHO classifies tanning beds as Group 1 carcinogens, like cigarettes.
Premature ageing: UVA breaks down collagen, causing wrinkles and sun spots.
Eye damage: Wearing protective goggles is essential to avoid cataracts.
Tanning beds vs. natural sunlight
Feature: Tanning beds vs. natural sunlight
UV intensity: 3–15 times stronger than the midday sun.
Varies by time/weather.
UVA/UVB ratio: mostly UVA (less UVB) vs balanced UVA/UVB
Exposure time: 10–20 minute sessions vs. gradual exposure over hours outdoors.
Do some beds use ‘safe’ UV?
No, while newer beds claim to be ‘low-risk’ (e.g. high-pressure UVA beds), all UV tanning carries cancer risks. For a safer glow, consider:
- Spray tans (DHA-based, no UV)
- Self-tanning lotions and mousses
- Red light therapy (non-UV, for skin health).
The bottom line:
Tanning beds use concentrated UV light and are more dangerous than the sun. Dermatologists strongly advise avoiding them. If you choose to tan, always wear goggles and limit your sessions.