The underlying principle of the Solarium Tanning Bed is predicated on the emulation of ultraviolet radiation, which instigates the synthesis of melanin within the skin through UV rays of a designated wavelength, thereby engendering a tanning effect analogous to that of sunlight. The following is a detailed description of its core principles:
1. The scientific principle of ultraviolet rays (UV) and the process of skin tanning.
The following essay will provide a detailed exposition on the mechanism of melanin production.
When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays (UV), the melanocytes in the epidermis are activated and produce melanin to absorb the rays and protect the deep tissues of the skin from damage. The process of melanin accumulation results in the darkening of the skin, leading to the formation of a “tanning” effect.
Key ultraviolet bands:
UVA (320–400 nm):
It has been demonstrated to possess significant penetrative capabilities, with the capacity to reach the dermis. The primary effect of the application of this substance is the stimulation of the oxidation and darkening of existing melanin, resulting in instant tanning. However, it is important to note that long-term excessive exposure to the sun’s rays will cause skin aging.
UVB (290–320 nm):
The properties of this compound include shallow penetration, the stimulation of melanocyte proliferation, and the production of new melanin (delayed tanning). However, it is important to note that excessive exposure to the sun may result in sunburn.
2. The following essay will explore the technological aspects of tanning machines.
Light source classification:
Fluorescent lamp:
The majority of tanning machines utilise fluorescent lamps with phosphor coatings, which utilise an electric current to stimulate mercury vapour emission, thereby emitting UV. The wavelength of the emitted UV is then filtered and adjusted (for example, 90% UVA + 10% UVB) through the coating.
The latest equipment in use is a LED UV light source.
It is evident that the apparatus under discussion is characterised by enhanced precision in terms of wavelength control, concomitant with reduced energy consumption. However, it should be noted that this is accompanied by a concomitant increase in cost.
The subject of radiation control is addressed here.
Through the adjustment of parameters such as the number of lamps, power, and exposure time, a balance is achieved between the tanning effect and safety.
The latest high-end equipment is equipped with a skin type sensor that automatically adjusts the UV dose (e.g. according to the Fitzpatrick scale).
3. The following are notable discrepancies between this phenomenon and natural sunlight:
The following items are to be compared: a tanning machine and natural sunlight.
The UV band is customisable, with the option of enhanced UVA. The full spectrum encompasses UVA, UVB and UVC.
The intensity of the light is capable of being regulated, and is ordinarily higher than that of midday sunlight. It is subject to variation due to meteorological conditions and geographical location.
The duration of exposure is typically accurate, ranging from 10 to 20 minutes. However, it is challenging to regulate.
Risks:
Excessive use of the product can easily lead to photoaging, i.e. the process of premature wrinkle formation.
The weakened ozone layer increases the risk of UVB exposure.
4. The subject under discussion is safety and controversy.
Potential risks:
It is important to note that frequent use has been associated with an increased risk of skin cancer (e.g. melanoma) and photoaging (e.g. wrinkles, spots).
In certain countries, restrictions on the utilisation of tanning equipment have been implemented, with Australia being a notable example of such legislation, banning the commercial use of tanning machines.
Protection advice:
In order to avoid exposure of sensitive areas, it is imperative to don protective eyewear.
It is imperative to adhere strictly to the recommended duration and to refrain from multiple applications in a short period of time.